Capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus) - Woodland Trust (2024)

Capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus) - Woodland Trust (1)

Capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus) - Woodland Trust (2)

Capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus) - Woodland Trust (3)

Capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus) - Woodland Trust (4)

Capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus) - Woodland Trust (5)

Quick facts

Common names:capercaillie

Scientific name:Tetrao urogallus

Family:Phasianidae (pheasants and grouse)

Habitat:woodland

Diet:shoots, buds, stems and berries

Predators:lynx (historically), although pine martens and foxes are known to take eggs and chicks

Origin:native

What do capercaillie look like?

The capercaillie is a huge bird. Males are around double the size of females, weighing in at just over 4kg compared with the females’ 2kg. Males are covered in glossy black feathers with red eye markings and a green tinge on their chests, while females are brown and mottled, with an orange-brown throat.

Not to be confused with: black grouse. Female capercaillie are very similar in appearance to female black grouse, however the black grouse lacks the brown-orange throat of the capercaillie.

What do capercaillie eat?

This bird feeds predominantly on the buds, shoots and berries of pines, bilberry and grasses.

Capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus) - Woodland Trust (6)

How do capercaillie breed?

During the breeding season, which takes place in spring, male capercaillies ‘lek’ to attract a mate. Males fan their tails, puff their chests out and make strange whistling and clicking sounds in a bid to entice a female. The females watch from a perch before flying down to their chosen mate.

Following a successful mating, a nest is built on the ground using leaves, twigs, grass and feathers, in which around 5-11 eggs are laid. Chicks usually hatch towards the end of May. Their mother feeds her chicks on a diet of invertebrates and they are typically independent by September.

Where do capercaillie live?

Capercaillie are restricted to the native pinewoods of northern Scotland.

Signs and spotting tips

These huge birds spend most of their time on the ground, although they can sometimes be found in trees. They’re incredibly rare and so chances of spotting them are slim, but during the breeding season listen out for the distinctive gulping, whistling and clicking sounds the males make. If you do hear them, please stay a good distance away so as not to disturb them.

Did you know?

The Gaelic name for the bird is capall-coille, meaning ‘horse of the forest’.

Threats and conservation

The capercaillie was once extinct in the UK, before being reintroduced during the 19th century using birds from Sweden. However, since then the species has been in rapid decline, due to a variety of factors including habitat loss and fragmentation, birds flying into deer fencing, and climate change. It is now at risk of extinction and so is protected in the UK under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981.

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Capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus) - Woodland Trust (9)

Endangered wildlife appeal

Woodland wildlife is fading before our eyes. Please support our appeal to save rare and threatened species.

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Capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus) - Woodland Trust (2024)

FAQs

How big are the monster capercaillies? ›

co*cks (males) typically range from 74 to 85 centimetres (29 to 33 inches) in length with wingspan of 90 to 125 cm (35 to 49 in) and an average weight of 4.1 kg (9 lb 1 oz). The largest wild co*cks can attain a length of 100 cm (40 in) and weight of 6.7 kg (14 lb 12 oz).

Is a capercaillie the same as a black grouse? ›

They are similar in size to a domestic hen. Females are slightly smaller than males and are a mottled greyish brown in colour. Not to be confused with: capercallie. The female black grouse is similar to the female capercaillie, however the black grouse doesn't have the capercaillie's orange-brown throat.

What is a Tetrao Urogallus in English? ›

The western capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus), is a member of the grouse family. It is also called the Eurasian capercaillie, wood grouse, heather co*ck, or just capercaillie. It is found across Europe and the Palearctic. It is sexually dimorphic.

Are capercaillies aggressive? ›

Roughly 1% of the population was estimated to behave abnormally. Deviant males display and show threatening behavior toward not only humans, but also attacked stuffed capercaillie males and without hesitation copulated with a stuffed female. Deviant females appear tame and crouch in front of humans, but avoid males.

Are there capercaillies in the US? ›

The sharptail, a 45-cm (18-inch) bird weighing 1 kg (about 2 pounds), is wild from Quebec and Michigan westward across Canada and southwestward to New Mexico. The capercaillie, or capercailzie (Tetrao urogallus), exclusively a European game bird, is the largest member of the grouse family.

How rare are capercaillie? ›

In the UK, the bird is only found in Scotland and fewer than 600 are thought to survive.

What is the rarest grouse in the world? ›

The Chinese grouse is considered to be one of the rarest grouse species in the world. In China, it is an endangered species and listed in Category I of nationally protected animals.

Can you hunt capercaillie? ›

The capercaillie is usually found in older pine tree forests and the population in Sweden is quite steady. Hunting the Capercaillie is done with free running dogs (or is this working dogs?) that hold the birds at bay, pointer dogs and in the winter by stalking. The season starts the 25 August until the 15 November.

What is a thinnai in English? ›

Thinnai, a Tamil word meaning “porch” or “verandah”, represents more than just a physical structure. It embodies the essence of traditional Indian homes, where the front porch serves as a communal space for social interactions, storytelling, and relaxation.

What is aratinga in english? ›

The genus Aratinga was introduced in 1824 by the German naturalist Johann Baptist von Spix. The type species was subsequently designated as the sun parakeet. The genus name is from the extinct Tupi language of Brasil. Ará tinga means "bright bird" or "bright parrot".

What is a gazeta in English? ›

noun. newspaper [noun] a paper, printed daily or weekly, containing news etc. paper [noun] a newspaper. (Translation of gazeta from the PASSWORD Polish–English Dictionary © 2014 K Dictionaries Ltd)

What does capercaillie taste like? ›

That evening I prepared capercaillie carpaccio for my new friends. The meat is intensely dark, and has a taste that compares to red grouse, but with a citrus kick at the end, thanks to its diet of pine needles.

Where can I find capercaillies? ›

Within the UK, Capercaillie occur only in Scotland and mainly in suitable forest habitat in Badenoch and Strathspey. The species is believed to have become extinct during the 18th century and birds of Swedish origin were re-introduced during the 19th century.

Can black grouse fly? ›

By around 10–14 days and so forth, they are capable of short flights. Where their range overlaps in similar biomes of other species, they are capable of hybridizing with the ringneck pheasant, western capercaillie, black-billed capercaillie, Siberian grouse, hazel grouse, and willow ptarmigan.

How big are Siberian capercaillies? ›

A male black-billed capercaillie has an average length of about 89–97 centimetres (35–38 in) and weighs 3.4–4.6 kg (7.5–10.1 lb), with females measuring around 69–75 cm (27–30 in) and weighing 1.7–2.2 kg (3.7–4.9 lb). Their wingspan stretches approximately 75–115 cm (30–45 in) long.

How big are Scottish capercaillies? ›

The capercaillie is a huge gamebird, the size of a turkey, that lives in the forests of Scotland. Loss of its woodland habitat led to the capercaillie becoming extinct in the UK in the mid-18th century, but birds were reintroduced from Sweden almost a century later.

What is the largest game bird? ›

The Wild Turkey is North America's largest upland game bird. Average adult hens weigh between 8-12 lbs. and adult toms between 10-20 lbs., but a large tom can weigh in excess of 25 lbs.

How big is the monster truck? ›

Each Monster Jam truck is approximately 10.5 feet tall, 12.5 feet wide, 17 feet long and weighs 12,000 pounds. A Monster Jam engine will generate 1,500 horsepower, thanks to a supercharger that forces air and fuel into the engine.

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