100 Techniques
Hint: Season it and firm it up at the same time.
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Published Oct. 11, 2023.
This is Technique #21 from our 100 Techniques Every Home Cook Can Master.
Each technique is broken into three sections: why it works, key steps, and recipes that use it. Learn these recipe building blocks and you'll be set up for a lifetime of cooking success.
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- • Why This Technique Works
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Tofu has been one of the predominant proteins in Asia for thousands of years. Its clean, vegetal flavor and variety of textures makes it a versatile ingredient in all different types of recipes.
Although freshly made tofu is common in Asia, in the United States it’s typically sold in refrigerated water-packed blocks. The commonly available styles (silken, soft, firm, and extra-firm) differ mainly in how thoroughly the curds have been drained and pressed, which removes moisture and firms up the structure.
Because tofu has no bones or fat (like meat) and also has a high water content, it cooks quickly. But all that water also means it falls apart easily. In some applications, this is a benefit. But for other situations, you want it to keep it shape. Here's our technique for that.
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The Different Types of Tofu
You can find detailed descriptions of the different types of tofu in our guide to tofu, but here's a quick rundown.
On the most delicate end of the spectrum, silken tofu is so fragile that it disintegrates at the slightest disturbance, so it’s great in foods like smoothies or dips, or sliced and topped with a spicy dressing, as in our Spicy Cold Tofu (Liángbàn Dòufǔ / 涼拌豆腐).
At the opposite end of the spectrum are firm and extra-firm tofu, which are usually interchangeable. We love firm tofu for stir-fries and for many braised and stewy dishes because it holds its shape well and absorbs flavors readily. (Extra-firm tofu is even more resilient, but it tends to cook up too chewy in braises.)
However, for some braised or stewy dishes, like mapo tofu, soft tofu is a must. And soft tofu also is our top choice for pan-frying. Pan-fried soft tofu boasts a crisp exterior and silky interior that delivers an irresistible textural contrast. In these cases, how do you keep your delicate tofu from crumbling to tiny bits?
To Keep It Together, Think Dry and Firm
One of the most important steps in preparing tofu is drying out or firming up its exterior in some way to help it hold together.
For pan-frying, draining it and then drying and pressing the exterior with paper towels works well. To use soft tofu successfully in a braised dish, simmering or steeping it in hot salt water or other salted liquid like broth first is essential. The heat and salinity of the soaking liquid shrinks the proteins in the outer layers of the tofu, tightening them and helping them stay intact during cooking while still allowing for a yielding interior texture.
Watch our test cook prepare mapo tofu that features firm yet tender tofu.
Step by Step: How to Cook Tofu That Doesn't Disintegrate
Here are the key steps for flavorful tofu that stays intact from prep to plate.
Step 1: Cut into Desired Pieces
No matter what dish you are preparing, cut tofu into cubes, fingers, or desired-size pieces.
Step 2A: For Pan-Frying Tofu, Drain
Spread tofu pieces over paper towel–lined baking sheet and let drain. Gently press dry with paper towels.
Step 3A: Coat Tofu
Combine cornstarch and cornmeal in shallow dish. Coat tofu pieces thoroughly with mixture, pressing gently to adhere; transfer to wire rack set in rimmed baking sheet.
Step 2B: For Braising Soft Tofu, Steam and Let Stand
Place tofu pieces and liquid in large bowl and microwave, covered, until steaming. Let stand to firm up exterior while preparing remaining ingredients.
Step 3B: Add to Pan
Gently pour tofu with broth into pan with other ingredients.
Recipes That Use This Technique
Use your newfound tofu-cooking knowledge with any of these recipes.
Ready to learn another technique? Choose from our list of 100 Techniques Every Home Cook Can Master.
