What’s Your Beef – Prime, Choice or Select? (2024)

Posted by Larry Meadows, Director, AMS Livestock, Poultry and Seed Program Grading and Verification Division in Food and Nutrition

Jan 28, 2013

What’s Your Beef – Prime, Choice or Select? (1)

The USDA grade shields are highly regarded as symbols of safe, high-quality American beef. Quality grades are widely used as a "language" within the beef industry, making business transactions easier and providing a vital link to support rural America. Consumers, as well as those involved in the marketing of agricultural products, benefit from the greater efficiency permitted by the availability and application of grade standards.

Beef is evaluated by highly-skilled USDA meat graders using a subjective characteristic assessment process and electronic instruments to measure meat characteristics. These characteristics follow the official grade standards developed, maintained and interpreted by the USDA’s Agricultural Marketing Service.

Beef is graded in two ways: quality grades for tenderness, juiciness and flavor; and yield grades for the amount of usable lean meat on the carcass. From a consumer standpoint, what do these quality beef grades mean?

Prime beef is produced from young, well-fed beef cattle. It has abundant marbling (the amount of fat interspersed with lean meat), and is generally sold in restaurants and hotels. Prime roasts and steaks are excellent for dry-heat cooking such as broiling, roasting or grilling.

Choice beef is high quality, but has less marbling than Prime. Choice roasts and steaks from the loin and rib will be very tender, juicy, and flavorful and are suited for dry-heat cooking. Many of the less tender cuts can also be cooked with dry heat if not overcooked. Such cuts will be most tender if braised, roasted or simmered with a small amount of liquid in a tightly covered pan.

Select beef is very uniform in quality and normally leaner than the higher grades. It is fairly tender, but, because it has less marbling, it may lack some of the juiciness and flavor of the higher grades. Only the tender cuts should be cooked with dry heat. Other cuts should be marinated before cooking or braised to obtain maximum tenderness and flavor.

Standard and Commercial grades of beef are frequently sold as ungraded or as store brand meat. Utility, Cutter, and Canner grades of beef are seldom, if ever, sold at retail but are used instead to make ground beef and processed products.

Recently, USDA collaborated with the United States Meat Export Federation and Colorado State University to develop an educational video about the beef grading process. This video provides a comprehensive overview of the beef grading system – from farm to table.

So next time you are at a restaurant or grocery store, look for the USDA grade shield and you will better be able to answer the question, “What’s your beef?”

Category/Topic: Food and Nutrition

What’s Your Beef – Prime, Choice or Select? (2024)

FAQs

Which is better Choice select or prime meat? ›

USDA Prime has abundant marbling (flecks of fat within the lean) which enhances both flavor and juiciness. USDA Choice has less marbling than Prime but is of very high quality. USDA Select is very uniform in quality and normally leaner than the higher grades.

What's the best grade of beef? ›

Prime. Prime is known as one of the best beef grades on the market because of the meat's abundant marbling. USDA Prime beef comes from young, well-fed beef cattle that contain lots of evenly distributed fat.

What is the order of meat grades? ›

In order of descending quality they are Prime, Choice, Select, Standard, Commercial, Utility, Cutter and Canner. Beef graded USDA Select is generally the lowest grade you'll ever see at the supermarket. Unlabeled cuts of meat are either commercial or utility-grade, or more likely were never graded in the first place.

Can you taste the difference between Choice and prime beef? ›

You can really taste the difference between Prime vs. Choice strip steaks in terms of flavor and texture. That's because they're a leaner cut, so marbling matters more. The same is true of filet mignon, which is the most tender cuts of meat.

What is the best cut of steak? ›

“Those are steaks from the midsection of the animal, between the rib and the rump.” These cuts—ribeye, New York strip loin, and filet mignon—can certainly be dubbed the best, and few will disagree. “Filet is the most tender cut, but has the least amount of flavor.

What is the best meat option? ›

Healthiest: Flank, strip steak, and 95% lean ground beef.

Flank steak, strip steak, and 95% lean ground beef. Like many types of meat, beef is still a fantastic source of protein and other essential nutrients that we need. If possible, make sure you look for grass-fed beef to add to your meals.

What is the difference between choice and select? ›

The difference between choice and select beef is that choice grade beef has 4-10% fat while select has 2-4% fat, making choice grade beef more tender and juicier than select. Choice beef will often be used in chain restaurants while select beef is sold for retail and residential use.

What is the quality of beef in order? ›

According to USDA, quality grades are contingent on two main criteria– the degree of marbling or intramuscular fat in the beef, and the maturity or estimated age of the animal at slaughter. In total, there are 8 quality grades: Prime, Choice, Select, Standard, Commercial, Utility, Cutter, and Canner.

What is the best quality meat? ›

Prime. Prime grade beef is the highest quality you can get. It features beautiful red meat laced with thin striations of white fat. This meat is well suited for a multitude of cooking conditions.

Is Prime or Choice more expensive? ›

Due to its superior quality, prime beef commands a higher price point compared to USDA choice beef.

Is choice ribeye better than prime? ›

For choice, there is less marbling, and for prime ribeye: The marbling within the steak cooks and dispenses its flavor from within the meat. The cut itself comes from the rib section of the cow from between the shoulder and loin.

What is better prime rib or choice? ›

Choice and Select grades of beef make up about 70-80% of all beef produced and have marbling density designations of “moderate” and “slight,” respectively. Therefore, when choosing a roast, the most tender, most flavorful, and juiciest will be the one with the most marbling: Prime grade.

What is the maximum age for standard select choice or prime beef? ›

is the yield of closely trimmed, boneless retail cuts that come from the major wholesale cuts of carcass. Maximum age of Standard, Select, Choice or Prime grades is: 42 months.

What is the difference between choice ribeye and select ribeye? ›

USDA Choice Steak – This is the second highest grade of beef. It has more marbling than Select and is considered a quality steak. USDA Choice steaks from the loin and rib areas, such as a Ribeye or Filet Mignon, are juicy, tender and flavorful.

How to make select steak tender? ›

Salting. Most cuts of steak benefit from being salted up to an hour in advance of cooking, but especially tougher cuts. In addition to seasoning the steaks, salt helps break down proteins and make the meat more tender. Liberally salt the steaks up to an hour before cooking, then proceed according to your recipe.

Is wagyu better than prime? ›

Prime beef is known for having a moderate amount of marbling, but it doesn't compare to the level of marbling found in Japanese Wagyu beef. Because of the high degree of marbling found in Japanese Wagyu beef, it has a distinct flavor and texture that sets it apart from other types of beef.

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