When I was growing up, my mom would spend long days during the holidays stirring milk over the stove to prepare the mawa she would use to make mithai (sweets) for family gatherings. That sweet, milky flavor laced with a touch of cardamom defined my childhood.
Mawa, also known as khoya or khoa, is the quintessential ingredient in so many South Asian mithai, like gulab jamun, burfi, kalakand, milk cake, peda, rabri, and kulfi, all across India, Nepal, Pakistan, and Bangladesh.
But I didn’t start experimenting baking with mawa myself until I saw in Christina Tosi’s cookbook, Momof*cku Milk Bar, that she used nonfat dry milk powder to make her nostalgia-inspired baked goods. I realized that mawa isn’t just for mithai—it’s also ideal for giving cakes a tender fluffy center and cookies a just-baked, caramelly flavor.
This holiday season, we need all the cozy, comforting bakes that we can get, and using mawa in your baked goods will definitely invoke those warm feels.
What is mawa?
Mawa consists of the milk solids left after simmering full-fat milk until all of the liquid has evaporated. To be considered mawa, the final product should be more than 30% milkfat by weight. Mawa can be made with buffalo milk or cow’s milk. While buffalo milk mawa is generally considered superior to cow’s milk mawa, as buffalo milk is fattier and has a slightly natural sweetness, cow’s milk mawa is more widely used as it’s easier and cheaper to obtain.
The texture can vary from dry and crumbly to wet and granular depending on the moisture content of the milk solids. Dhap mawa, which has a high moisture content and a loose sticky texture, is used to make gulab jamun, where deep-fried dough enriched with mawa is soaked in a cardamom, saffron, and cinnamon syrup. Pindi mawa has a smooth nongranular texture and is used in burfis and peda, or fudge-like sweets. And finally, danedar mawa is dry and granular, best used in kalakand (milk cakes), which capitalize on the sandy texture.
How do you make mawa? (And, um, is there a shortcut?)
This process of making mawa can take a very long time as you need quite a lot of milk to produce just a little bit of it. You must simmer it slowly to prevent the milk from scorching and burning. If you watched season 7 of The Great British Bake Off, you’ll see that, after four hours, the contestants were permitted to abandon their DIY mawa and use the premade kind instead.
Nowadays, there are shortcut recipes that use ricotta or milk powder. For the ricotta version, just heat up full-fat ricotta over low heat in a saucepan on the stove over medium heat with a touch of ghee until most of the liquid has evaporated, or until you’ve reached the level of dryness you’re looking for. To make the nonfat dry milk powder version, just mix 1:1 ratio by weight of milk powder and heavy cream in a bowl. To add additional moisture and get a softer texture, you can steam this quick-made mawa for 10 minutes by wrapping it in cheesecloth and placing in a steamer.
