Haggis | Definition, Origin, & Facts (2024)

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haggis, the national dish of Scotland, a type of pudding composed of the liver, heart, and lungs of a sheep (or other animal), minced and mixed with beef or mutton suet and oatmeal and seasoned with onion, cayenne pepper, and other spices. The mixture is packed into a sheep’s stomach and boiled.

Though regarded since the mid-18th century as a distinctively Scottish dish, it was long popular in England, as English writer Gervase Markham (c. 1568–1637) testified in The English Huswife (1615). Its origin, however, is still more ancient, for Marcus Apicius, Aristophanes, and even Homer allude to dishes of similar composition. The derivation of the term haggis, first attested in the 15th century, is unknown.

Haggis | Definition, Origin, & Facts (2)

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Haggis is inexpensive, savory, and nourishing. In Scotland it formerly was considered a rustic dish and was so celebrated in Robert Burns’s lines “To a Haggis” (1786), but in the 21st century haggis is served with some ceremony, even bagpipes, particularly on Burns Night (held annually on January 25, Burns’s birthday) and Hogmanay, as the Scots call their New Year’s celebrations.

Haggis is usually accompanied by turnips (called “swedes” or “neeps”) and mashed potatoes (“tatties”); Scotch whisky is the customary drink.

The Editors of Encyclopaedia BritannicaThis article was most recently revised and updated by Adam Augustyn.

Haggis | Definition, Origin, & Facts (2024)

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Haggis | Definition, Origin, & Facts? ›

haggis

haggis
Haggis (Scottish Gaelic: taigeis) is a savoury pudding containing sheep's pluck (heart, liver, and lungs), minced with chopped onion, oatmeal, suet, spices, and salt, mixed with stock, and cooked while traditionally encased in the animal's stomach though now an artificial casing is often used instead.
https://en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Haggis
, the national dish of Scotland, a type of pudding composed of the liver, heart, and lungs of a sheep (or other animal), minced and mixed with beef or mutton suet and oatmeal and seasoned with onion, cayenne pepper, and other spices. The mixture is packed into a sheep's stomach and boiled.

Where did haggis originally come from? ›

Why is haggis so important to Scotland? ›

Scotland's iconic dish began as a nod to the necessities of harder times, when using as much as possible of a slain animal was essential. But while some cuts of meat could be salted or dried for preservation if not eaten immediately, internal organs were far more perishable.

What is the myth of the haggis? ›

Legend surrounds the wild haggis. According to many cryptid directories, the wild haggis is an unbalanced beast whose legs of unequal length enable it to lope up steep Scottish hillsides with ease.

What does the Scottish word haggis mean? ›

hag·​gis ˈha-gəs. : a traditionally Scottish dish that consists of the heart, liver, and lungs of a sheep or a calf minced with suet, onions, oatmeal, and seasonings and boiled in the stomach of the animal.

Why did the US ban haggis? ›

In 1971, it became illegal to import haggis into the US from the UK due to a ban on food containing sheep lung, which constitutes 10–15% of the traditional recipe. The ban encompasses all lungs, as fluids such as stomach acid and phlegm may enter the lung during slaughter.

Why is haggis eaten on Burns Night? ›

The dish was popularised by Robert Burns in his poem Address To A Haggis. Later, in 1801, when his friends got together to celebrate his life five years after his death, they served haggis in his memory. Since then the unusual food has become the centre of Burns Night.

What is an interesting fact about haggis? ›

In Scotland it formerly was considered a rustic dish and was so celebrated in Robert Burns's lines “To a Haggis” (1786), but in the 21st century haggis is served with some ceremony, even bagpipes, particularly on Burns Night (held annually on January 25, Burns's birthday) and Hogmanay, as the Scots call their New ...

Do people in Scotland like haggis? ›

From traditional haggis, neeps and tatties with whisky sauce to modern dishes with a twist like haggis Scotch quail's eggs, haggis-topped nachos or the excellent Balmoral Chicken, (which is a succulent chicken breast stuffed with spicy haggis and wrapped in sizzling bacon), haggis is favoured year-round in Scotland and ...

What do Scots eat with haggis? ›

It's most commonly served with neeps (mashed turnip) and tatties (mashed potato) and washed down with a wee dram of your favourite whisky. Haggis is a versatile ingredient – it can be used to make a stuffing for poultry and game, or fried up for breakfast like crumbled black pudding.

Is haggis healthy? ›

Is Haggis Healthy? It isn't unhealthy! The contested inclusion of offal like liver and heart in haggis means that the meaty version is high in vitamins and minerals like iron and magnesium. Haggis is usually quite healthy if eaten traditionally as a main meal as it's accompanied by mashed boiled potatoes and turnips.

What is haggis animal called? ›

In the heart of the Scottish Highlands, where the mist hangs low and the sheep roam free, there exists a mystical creature that has captured the imaginations of both locals and adventurous tourists alike - the elusive Highland Haggis (given the taxonomic moniker Haggis scoticus) - a creature of unparalleled stealth, ...

Why does haggis taste so good? ›

Haggis has a very meaty flavour which is rich and even slightly metallic due to the offal. The oats and onions add both sweetness and texture. Then you get a nice punch of heat from the black pepper and the other spices used.

Why is sheep lung illegal in the US? ›

There is one more salient point from the no-lungs side. During slaughter, stomach contents can get into animals' lungs through a kind of acid-reflux reaction. Stomach contents can spread disease, and the USDA FSIS has a zero-tolerance policy for this “ingesta” if spotted.

What is the national dish of Scotland? ›

Haggis. Haggis is our national dish, and the first recipe dates back to the 15th century (in recorded history).

What is the Scottish stomach dish? ›

To be a little more precise, a haggis is normally made up of the following ingredients: a sheep's 'pluck' (its heart, liver and lungs), minced with onions, oatmeal, suet, salt and spices, all mixed with a stock and traditionally boiled in the animal's stomach for around an hour.

Is haggis Irish or Scottish? ›

haggis, the national dish of Scotland, a type of pudding composed of the liver, heart, and lungs of a sheep (or other animal), minced and mixed with beef or mutton suet and oatmeal and seasoned with onion, cayenne pepper, and other spices.

Did Vikings eat haggis? ›

Others have speculated that the first haggis was carried to Scotland aboard a Viking longboat. Yet another theory ties the dish to pre-historic origins, as a way of cooking and preserving offal that would otherwise quickly spoil following a hunt.

Did the Romans invent haggis? ›

Haggis' origins are shrouded in mystery. There is no telling where – or when – it came into being. Some believe that it was brought over by the Romans. Although evidence is scarce, their version – made from pork – probably began as a rudimentary means of preserving meat during hunts.

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