The History of Quail Management with Comments on Pen-Rearing (2024)

National Quail Symposium Proceedings

Abstract

Quail were present in the Lower Oligocene about 40 million years ago. The remains of northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) have been found in Indian middens in the eastern United States, but these birds were not considered a preferred food. However, California quail (Callipep/,a californica) were a choice food of Native Americans. Bobwhite are the most prized species by sportsmen, with the California quail in second place. There is evidence that northern bobwhite reached unprecedented numbers over large geographical areas, especially along their northern range in the mid-1800's. California and Gambel's quail (C. gambelii) were abundant in the mid- to late-1800's. From a social standpoint, the importance of northern bobwhite in promoting sportsmanship afield has never been fully appreciated. The bobwhite created a gentleman's way of life in the South that is steeped in socially accepted tradition which has been fostered and respected by sportsmen through the years. By its very nature, bobwhite hunting brings out the best in men and dogs. The eternal pursuit of perfection by man has made quail the hunting sport of choice by Americans. With ever-decreasing quail habitat and a growing human population, there is a great need to establish more quail habitat throughout the bird's range, and to produce pen-reared bobwhite that consistently emulate the sporting challenge of their wild cousins.

DOI

https://doi.org/10.7290/nqsp03mkmo

Recommended Citation

Kozicky, Edward L. (1993) "The History of Quail Management with Comments on Pen-Rearing," National Quail Symposium Proceedings: Vol. 3 , Article 1.
https://doi.org/10.7290/nqsp03mkmo
Available at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/nqsp/vol3/iss1/1

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The History of Quail Management with Comments on Pen-Rearing (2024)

FAQs

What is the history of the quail? ›

In the Far East records of quail go back as far as 770BC. It is thought that the Chinese quail is the ancestor of many of todays breeds. Quail have been bred domestically for over 4,000 years.

Can pen-raised quail survive in the wild? ›

Although survival of pen-raised quail after release is very low, some do survive and reproduce with wild birds (this has been verified in several studies).

How do you manage a quail? ›

A simple, but effective bobwhite quail habitat management plan is to first, come up with a long-range strategy of timber thinning and a regular regime of fire. Secondly, back that up with predator control and a supplemental feeding program. It may seem overly simplified, but you can't argue with the results.

What caused the decline of quail? ›

There are five major culprits that most wildlife biologists point to as reasons for the dramatic drop in quail populations: Loss of quail habitat, intensified farming and forestry practices, succession of grassland ecosystems to forests, overwhelming presence of exotic grasses like fescue that choke out wildlife, and ...

What does the Bible say about quail? ›

Numbers 11:31-35 King James Version (KJV)

And there went forth a wind from the LORD, and brought quails from the sea, and let them fall by the camp, as it were a day's journey on this side, and as it were a day's journey on the other side, round about the camp, and as it were two cubits high upon the face of the earth.

Can you eat pen raised quail? ›

The one major drawback, culinary-ily speaking, of pen-raised birds is flavor. Pen pheasants and quail are always less flavorful than wild ones. It's a function of their lives, which were also less interesting.

How high should a quail pen be? ›

Your quail should be in a 4' or taller pen, or a small hutch no taller than 10 inches tall. Quail startle easy and will fly straight up quickly. If your enclosure is taller than 10 inches, that allows them to reach a velocity that they will hit the roof and they will likely sustain a lethal injury.

Are quails high maintenance? ›

They're friendly, inexpensive, gentle and even lay edible eggs that are considered a delicacy in many countries. Before you bring a pair home, your quail will require a calm housing environment, protein-rich food, company and fresh water daily.

What are some issues with managing quail populations? ›

There are a number of reasons quail numbers have dwindled: habitat loss, focus on agriculture and silviculture, increase in predators and the abandonment of prescribed fire as a management tool.

How many acres do quail need? ›

For land to be suitable for quail, it must meet all of their habitat requirements every 40 acres at minimum. A fairly recent study suggested that to maintain a viable quail population, you must have an average of 800 birds and 2,500 - 3,000 acres of suitable habitat on which they can live (Stephens 2008).

Why are there no quail in Texas? ›

That was back when quail populated the state in numbers large enough to be hunted, though. Since that time, the birds have vanished due to human encroachment and habitat change. That loss of habitat and hunting opportunity is what drove Snipes and his wife to buy a ranch in the Rolling Plains of Texas.

What is the hardest quail to raise? ›

Bobwhite Quail

“They are a beautiful quail, but difficult to raise,” says Dianne Tumey who has been raising game birds in Harrah, Oklahoma for 38 years. “They take 16 weeks to become good flight birds and 26 weeks to be laying and reproducing.”

What is the most common disease in quail? ›

Some of these are: infectious coryza, cryptosporidiosis, aspergillosis, fowl cholera, staphylococcosis, blackhead, chronic respiratory disease (CRD), pullorum, colibacillosis and trichom*oniasis.

What does the quail symbolize? ›

The Quail is a bird sacred to Hephaistos & Artemis. The quail is a symbol of a contrite spirit, communal love, and higher consciousness. It is Artemis in the Greek mythology, who lived on "Quail Island".

What is special about a quail? ›

Quail are a small bird which are becoming more and more popular as an option for a backyard flock. They produce delicious and nutritious eggs as well as tasty meat. Their small size, quiet nature, and adaptability makes them ideal for almost any environment.

What species of quail was in the Bible? ›

He also explained that the quail known as the Pharoah quail (coturnix coturnix) was the bird which was consumed by the Jewish people in the biblical narrative of the Exodus. The words of Rabbi Zweigenhaft were documented and then compared to the ornithological accounts of the distribution of coturnix quail in Europe.

What is the ancestor of the quail? ›

It is suggested that unlike those of Japanese origin, Chinese quail are probably the earlier and more direct ancestor of most kinds of the domestic quail found around the world.

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